8-bit color graphics is a method of storing image information in a computer's memory or in an image file, such that each pixel is represented by one 8-bit byte. The maximum number of colors that can be displayed at any one time is 256. There are two forms of 8-bit color graphics.

The most common uses a separate palette of 256 colors, where each of the 256 entries in the palette map to given red, green, and blue values. In most color maps, each color is usually chosen from a palette of 16,777,216 colors (24 bits: 8 red, 8 green, 8 blue). But in the original VGA card's 320x200 mode, 256 on-screen colors could be chosen from a palette of 262144 colors (18 bits: 6 red, 6 green, 6 blue).

Some older cards prior to the VGA (like the Professional Graphics Controller) can only choose the 256 color palette from 4096 colors (12 bits: 4 red, 4 green, 4 blue). The other form is where the 8 bits directly describe red, green, and blue values, typically with 3 bits for red, 3 bits for green and 2 bits for blue. This second form is often called 8-bit truecolor, as it does not use a palette at all, and is thus more similar to the 15, 16 and 24 bit truecolor modes.

Most 8-bit image formats store a local image palette of 256 colors in addition to the raw image data. If such an image is to be displayed on 8-bit graphics hardware, the graphics hardware's global palette will be overwritten with the local image palette. This can result in other images on the screen having wildly distorted colors due to differences in their palettes.

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