The Bengal tiger, or Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris or Panthera tigris bengalensis), is a subspecies of tiger primarily found in India and Bangladesh. They are also found in parts of Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and southern Tibet. The Bengal tiger is the most numerous of the tiger sub-species, with about 1,411 wild tigers being reported by the Government of India's National Tiger Conservation Authority.

The Bengal tiger is one of the three major big cats found in India, other being the Asiatic lion and the Indian leopard. Once found throughout the Indian subcontinent, the Bengal tiger's natural habitat has drastically reduced due to their increasing interactions with humans. Most tigers in India, home to about 50% of the world's tiger population, are fragmented into many small isolated populations making them vulnerable to extinction.

The Bengal tiger is traditionally regarded as the second largest subspecies after the Siberian tiger. It is considered to be one of India's flagship species and an icon of its wildlife, living in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, subtropical and tropical rain forests, scrub forests, wet and dry deciduous forests, and mangroves. The Bengal subspecies P.

tigris tigris is the national animal of Bangladesh, while at the species level, the tiger Panthera tigris is the national animal of India.

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