The term electromagnetic pulse (sometimes abbreviated EMP) has the following meanings: The fact that an electromagnetic pulse is produced by a nuclear explosion was known since the earliest days of nuclear weapons testing, but the magnitude of the EMP and the significance of its effects were realized very slowly. During the first United States nuclear test, electronic equipment was reportedly shielded due to Enrico Fermi's expectation of some sort of electromagnetic pulse from the detonation. During British nuclear testing in 1952–1953 there were instrumentation failures that were attributed to "radioflash," which was then the British term for EMP.

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