The Stargate Program is a fictional top-secret program that plays a key role in the Stargate franchise: it surrounds the operations of the Stargate on Earth. The core of the Stargate Program is Stargate Command (SGC), based at the Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station near Colorado Springs, Colorado. During the run of Stargate SG-1, the NID is most critical of the Stargate Program, while the program is extended through the establishment of the Department of Homeworld Security and the International Oversight Advisory (IOA).

The Atlantis Project as seen in Stargate Atlantis is part of the Stargate Program but works independently during season 1 of the show. Despite alien attacks such as in "Lost City" and "Ex Deus Machina", all attempts are made throughout the series to keep the existence of the Stargate Program secret, assuming there would be mass panic if the public found out. Several alternate-universe episodes address the public reaction to the revelation of the Stargate Program.

Nevertheless, some conspiracy theorists in the series assume extraterrestrial activity at the highest levels of the military. A very few select civilians such as Martin Lloyd and Jeannie Miller are also aware of the existence of the Program. Following a backstory spanning millions of years, the modern history of Earth's Stargate Program begins when the Stargate is unearthed in Egypt in 1928.

The device is eventually brought to the United States in 1939 to keep it out of Nazi hands and eventually installed in a facility in Creek Mountain, Colorado (Cheyenne Mountain in Stargate SG-1). In the events of the Stargate film, Dr. Daniel Jackson deciphers the workings of the Stargate.

A team is sent through to the planet on the other side, where they encounter and defeat the malevolent Ra, freeing his slaves. Under the belief that there was only one possible destination through the Stargate, no further missions are planned through the Stargate and the program shut down. The Stargate SG-1 premiere "Children of the Gods" reveals the existence of another grave extraterrestrial threat to Earth, Apophis, and that there are in fact thousands of planets accessible through the Stargate.

As a result, the United States establishes Stargate Command inside Cheyenne Mountain and commissions nine teams (which increases to many more in the later seasons) to travel through the Gate to assess threats, open negotiations with other civilizations, and procure technology to defend Earth. The first SG mission to Apophis' homeworld, Chulak, sees the defection of Jaffa warrior Teal'c to Earth. In the early seasons of Stargate SG-1, SG teams from Earth fights battles against Apophis and the Goa'uld System Lords.

Along the way, they make offworld allies including the Tok'ra and the Asgard,, support a growing rebellion amongst the Jaffa, and encounter a dangerous new threat from another galaxy, the mechanical Replicators. The Stargate Program also endures challenges from its own government; the ambitious Senator Robert Kinsey seeks to shut down and later control the SGC, and the activities of the unscrupulous N.I.D. threatens to destabilize Earth's offworld relations.

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