The United Federation of Planets (also known as "The Federation" or UFP) is a fictional interplanetary federal republic depicted in the Star Trek television series and motion pictures. In those episodes and films, the Federation is described as an interstellar federal polity with (as of 2373) more than 150 member planets and thousands of colonies spread across 8,000 light years of the Milky Way Galaxy, and taking the form of a liberal democracy and constitutional republic. The Federation also maintains its own military and exploratory agency, Starfleet.

The United Federation of Planets and Starfleet are the primary focus of all the Star Trek series, with the exception of Star Trek: Enterprise, which is set before the Federation comes into existence. The United Federation of Planets has existed as part of the Star Trek universe since the first season of the original series. The Federation is described as stressing, at least nominally, the values of universal liberty, equality, justice, peace, and cooperation.

The legislature of the Federation Council is located in San Francisco. Several other bodies of the Federation have been depicted. There is an executive branch headed by a Federation President, who keeps offices in the Palais de la Concorde in Paris.

There is a judiciary branch as well, the highest court of which is the Federation Supreme Court. The Federation's scientific, diplomatic and defensive/military arm is Starfleet, depicted as being headquartered at the Presidio in San Francisco. The Federation comes into military conflict with other major powers in the galaxy such as the Klingon Empire, the Romulan Star Empire, the Cardassian Union, the Borg, and The Dominion.

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